Saturday 20 October 2012

Process Costing and Normal Loss

Process Costing

Process costing is used where there are homogeneous product of either the product cannot be separated from the other product or there are a large number of product with small value. The typical example is liquid product like oil industry, paint industry and stationary items etc.
The paint and oil industry are the examples where the product cannot be separated from each other and stationary industry is typical example of small items are produced with small cost.


Normal Loss with no scrape value

The normal is the expected loss in the process of production. This is a loss which is expected in industry. This loss cannot be avoided and therefore may be called as inherent loss. The accounting treatment the normal loss is not valued at output. The process costing is done to assign average value of per unit.in case of normal loss the average value is calculated by actual cost by normal out i.e an output does not include the normal loss. The normal output may also be called as expected output.

Example Normal Loss with no scrape value
Input (material) 3000 units        $ 5000
Labour                                        $ 500
Overheads cost                          $ 500
Actual output is 2700 units

Solution
Out put
                           Units      Cost      Total Cost
Material             2,700       2.2              6000
Loss                      300
Total                   3000                           6000


 Total input Cost/ Normal output
= 6000/2700
=  2.2

Normal with Scrape Value

When there is scrape value of normal loss than normal loss is valued at given value. The average cost of per unit is reduced by that value.

Average Cost per unit = Input Cost – Scrape value/Normal Output

Example of normal loss with scrape value


Example Normal Loss
Input (material) 3000 units   $ 5000
Labour                                        $ 500
Overheads cost                        $ 500
Actual output is 2700 units and normal loss is value at $ 3 per unit

Solution

=   (6000- 900)/2700
=  1.889 Average cost
= 2700 unit X 1.889
= 5,100 (Output)

=  300 units  X 3 = 900 (Normal Loss)

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